The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) has issued a stark warning about the growing threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, particularly viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Researchers at the institute are calling for heightened vigilance, improved diagnostic screening, and increased funding to combat these public health challenges.
During the institute’s monthly briefing in August, medical experts highlighted the prevalence of VHFs such as dengue fever, Zika virus, and yellow fever, which are often misdiagnosed as malaria or Lassa fever. They also emphasized the urgent need to address drug-resistant TB, which requires longer and more complex treatment regimens.
Misdiagnosis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Professor Rosemary Audu, a Medical Virologist at NIMR, stressed the importance of broadening diagnostic screening beyond malaria and Lassa fever. “Our health workers should have a high index of suspicion. Beyond malaria, beyond Lassa, we have other viruses circulating,” she said. Audu revealed that her research has uncovered the presence of dengue fever, Zika virus, and yellow fever in Nigeria, underscoring the need for improved diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.
She urged individuals to seek medical attention if a fever persists beyond two days of self-treatment, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Audu also addressed vaccine hesitancy, affirming the safety and efficacy of vaccines and noting that NIMR’s social scientists are actively working to combat misinformation.
The Challenge of Drug-Resistant TB
Dr. Chioma Kunle-Ope, a Research Fellow at NIMR, highlighted the growing concern of drug-resistant TB, which poses a significant challenge to public health. “TB is treatable, curable, and preventable, but when it moves to drug-resistant TB, the treatment becomes complicated,” she explained. NIMR is at the forefront of TB research, utilizing genomics to improve diagnostic tools and address the problem of drug resistance.
Kunle-Ope called for increased attention to re-emerging diseases and emphasized the need for sustained efforts to combat TB and other infectious diseases. “We need to invest in research and development to stay ahead of these diseases,” she said.
Funding and Infrastructure Challenges
Professor John Obafunwa, Director-General of NIMR, acknowledged the significant progress made by researchers but lamented the financial and infrastructural challenges facing the institute. “You cannot afford to spend so much money on your reagents only for them to go down the drain because of power supplies,” he said. Obafunwa appealed for increased funding from the government and private sector to support NIMR’s vital work.
He emphasized that the institute’s ability to develop diagnostic tools and conduct crucial research is hampered by limited funding and unreliable power supply. “With increased funding and infrastructure support, NIMR can continue to safeguard the nation’s health and prevent future outbreaks,” Obafunwa stated.
A Call for Global and Local Collaboration
The researchers underscored the interconnectedness of global health and the importance of investing in local research capacity. “The world is a global village. The institute’s findings provide critical insights into the complex landscape of infectious diseases in Nigeria and offer a roadmap for improved diagnostics, treatment, and public health interventions,” they noted.
NIMR’s research highlights the need for a coordinated approach to address emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. By investing in local research and strengthening healthcare systems, Nigeria can better respond to public health threats and protect its population.
Conclusion
The warnings and recommendations from NIMR serve as a call to action for policymakers, healthcare providers, and the public. As Nigeria faces the dual challenges of viral hemorrhagic fevers and drug-resistant TB, increased funding, improved diagnostics, and enhanced surveillance systems are essential to safeguarding the nation’s health.
With the support of the government, private sector, and international partners, NIMR can continue its vital work in combating infectious diseases and preventing future outbreaks. The institute’s efforts underscore the importance of investing in research and public health infrastructure to protect the well-being of all Nigerians.
